Curva de Juros G-Sec da Índia

India sovereign yield curve

G-Sec (INR) — full term structure, 2s10s and 3m10y spreads, NY Fed recession probability, Nelson-Siegel-Svensson fit.

Dados em julho 13, 2026
Policy rate
5.50%
10Y yield
6.78%
2s10s spread
+0.86pp
3m10y spread
+1.13pp
Recession prob (12m)
10.00%
Curve shape: Normal — both 2s10s and 3m10y are positive.

Term structure

Tenor3M6M1Y2Y3Y5Y7Y10Y20Y30Y
Yield (%)5.655.705.785.926.056.326.556.787.107.18
Yields in percent. Tenors from 3 months to 30 years. 10-year is the conventional benchmark.

Term structure with NSS fit

India sovereign yield curve with Nelson-Siegel-Svensson fit Observed yields (markers) overlaid with the Nelson-Siegel-Svensson smoothed fit (orange). Dashed line = current policy rate (5.50%).

Recession probability — 12 months ahead

Estrella-Mishkin probit (NY Fed): P(recession) = Φ(-0.5333 - 0.6629 × spread3m10y).

10.0%
Low
3m10y spread input: +1.13pp
0%30% (caution)50% (high)100%

Nelson-Siegel-Svensson parameters

Fit residual RMSE: 0.025 pp. See the NSS methodology page for the parametric form.

β₀β₁β₂β₃λ₁λ₂
7.503-1.828-1.642-0.7681.505.00
How to read this country's curve

Look first at the 10-year yield in the headline tiles above — that is the benchmark long-term borrowing cost for this country. Then compare it to the policy rate set by the central bank. If the 10-year is meaningfully above the policy rate, investors expect rates to stay supportive of growth; if it sits below, the market is pricing rate cuts ahead.

Next, check the 2s10s and 3m10y spread tiles. Green numbers mean the curve is sloping up in the normal way (longer bonds yield more). Red numbers mean the curve is inverted — long bonds yield less than short bonds, which historically precedes a slowdown. The deeper the inversion, the stronger the warning signal, although the lag between inversion and recession typically runs 12-24 months.

Finally, the recession probability at the top combines the 3m10y spread with the NY Fed's statistical model. A reading above 30% is the conventional caution threshold; above 50% historically meant a recession was the base case within a year. For non-US countries this is a useful comparative signal but the exact level should be read with care.

Interpreting the NSS parameters for this country

The four estimated betas decompose the curve into orthogonal factors. β₀ is the long-run level — the asymptotic yield as maturity goes to infinity, interpretable as the market's terminal nominal anchor (steady-state real rate plus expected inflation). β₁ is the slope factor; a negative β₁ produces an upward-sloping curve while a positive β₁ flattens or inverts the front end. β₂ and β₃ govern two curvature humps controlled respectively by λ₁ and λ₂ years — the maturities at which each curvature factor peaks. Diebold-Li (2006) show β₀+β₁ converges to the instantaneous short rate and β₀ to the consol yield, providing direct factor-model intuition.

On the recession probability: the reading uses the Estrella-Mishkin (1998) coefficients calibrated on US post-war NBER data. For developed-market peers (Eurozone, UK, Canada, Australia, Switzerland) the cross-country mapping is broadly defensible, but the absolute level is indicative, not literal — local probit re-estimation (Moneta 2005 for the euro area; Chinn-Kucko 2015 for OECD comparators) typically yields slightly weaker, but still significant, predictive coefficients. The reading is best treated as a relative-rank signal across our nine-country set rather than an unconditional probability.

A final caveat: the spread input embeds both an expected-policy component and a term-premium component. When the ACM term premium is compressed by structural demand for duration (LDI flows, central-bank balance-sheet residuals, foreign reserve recycling), an inverted curve can flag elevated probability without indicating that aggressive easing is priced. Cross-checking the model against survey-based policy expectations and against the country's own forward OIS curve disciplines the signal.

O que a curva G-Sec está sinalizando

A curva dos títulos públicos indianos (Government Securities, G-Sec) é a de maior rendimento entre as que cobrimos, refletindo tanto uma inflação de tendência mais alta (o RBI mira 4%, contra 2% na maioria dos pares de mercados desenvolvidos) quanto um prêmio estrutural de crescimento. Com a taxa repo do Reserve Bank of India em 5,50%, os rendimentos atuais do G-Sec traçam: T-bill de 3 meses em 5,65%, 2 anos em 5,92%, 10 anos em 6,78% e 30 anos em 7,18%. A curva tem inclinação ascendente ao longo de toda a sua extensão, com um prêmio de prazo saudável.

Status de inversão e spreads de prazo

A curva G-Sec está firmemente não invertida: 2s10s de quase 90 pontos-base e 3m10y acima de 100 pontos-base. O modelo probit de Estrella-Mishkin resulta em uma probabilidade de recessão próxima de zero para a Índia — mas este é um caso particularmente ruim de ajuste para o contexto indiano. O probit foi calibrado com dados dos EUA e meta de inflação de 2%; a meta mais alta da Índia e sua estrutura macroeconômica muito diferente fazem com que o modelo seja, no máximo, informativo para o país. A curva é melhor interpretada diretamente: ela é condizente com uma economia em expansão sólida.

O que a curva diz sobre as expectativas do RBI vs. a precificação de mercado

A curva G-Sec incorpora as seguintes visões:

Ajuste Nelson-Siegel-Svensson

A curva da Índia se ajusta bem ao NSS, com um fator de nível próximo a 6,5%, inclinação negativa modesta e curvatura que reflete a transição suave da ponta curta para o ventre da curva. O próprio Working Group on the Monetary Policy Framework do RBI já utilizou o NSS para a estimação da curva G-Sec em relatórios técnicos. Nosso ajuste produz resíduos abaixo de 5 pontos-base em todos os vencimentos observados. Veja a página de metodologia do NSS.

Referências cruzadas

Other yield curves