Reserve Bank of India · INR · Pass-through 92% over 2 months
Average historical spread mortgage − policy rate: 2.38pp. Current spread: 2.38pp. Roughly in line with the long-run average.
Where the typical fixed mortgage rate ends up if the futures-implied policy path holds and the historical spread reverts to its long-run mean.
The four tiles at the top show the live policy rate (set by the central bank), the interbank rate, and the typical fixed and variable mortgage rates available to a household in this country. The gap between the policy rate and the mortgage rate is the spread — what the lender adds on top to cover funding, credit risk and profit.
The first chart shows that spread over the last five years. When the shaded area widens, banks are charging more on top of the policy rate, usually because the long bond market has moved or because banks are pricing in extra risk. When it narrows, competition or central bank bond-buying is squeezing margins. The second chart — the implied 12-month forward path — takes the current futures market's bet on where the policy rate is heading, applies the historical spread, and shows where your mortgage rate would land if both relationships hold. It is not a forecast: it is what current market pricing already implies.
The mortgage-minus-policy spread decomposes into four primary drivers. First, the funding curve: jurisdictions whose lenders fund predominantly via covered bonds (Germany, Denmark, France, Sweden) inherit the swap-plus-covered-spread basis, which moved from 5-15 bp pre-2022 to 25-50 bp during the ECB's APP/PEPP unwind. Lenders funded via deposit franchise (UK, Australia) anchor more to short-rate transmission and deposit beta. US lenders sell loans into agency MBS pools, so the spread is sensitive to the primary-secondary MBS basis and to Fed SOMA reinvestment policy.
Second, prepayment optionality and convexity: products without economic prepayment penalty (US 30Y, Danish callable bonds) trade at OAS rather than nominal spread; OAS widening during rate volatility regimes (VIX-Treasury MOVE comovement) bleeds straight into the borrower rate. Penalty-protected European products (German Festzins under §489 BGB, French indemnité de remboursement anticipé) carry minimal optionality premium. Third, lender duration mismatch: if the dominant local product is short-fixed (UK 2/5Y) the lender's asset-liability gap is small and the spread is stable; if long-fixed (US 30Y, German 10Y) lenders rely on swap and MBS markets to hedge duration, and spread widens when those hedge markets stress. Fourth, regulatory caps and capital treatment: France's taux d'usure, prudential LTV/DTI floors (Switzerland, Australia, Canada), and Basel III risk-weight differentiation across LTV buckets all alter the marginal cost of lending and feed back into quoted rates with lags of one to three quarters.
| Month | Implied Policy Rate | Projected 20-Year EBLR-Linked | Spread |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-07 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2026-08 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2026-09 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2026-10 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2026-11 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2026-12 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2027-01 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2027-02 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2027-03 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2027-04 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2027-05 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
| 2027-06 | 5.25% | 7.63% | +2.38pp |
O Reserve Bank of India define a taxa repo de política — a taxa pela qual o RBI empresta aos bancos comerciais contra títulos públicos. Ela ancora a MIBOR (Mumbai Interbank Offered Rate), o benchmark interbancário publicado pela FBIL.
A transmissão hipotecária indiana está entre as mais rápidas dos sete bancos centrais acompanhados aqui, por desenho regulatório. Desde outubro de 2019, o RBI exige que todos os novos empréstimos de varejo de taxa flutuante (incluindo home loans) estejam atrelados a uma External Benchmark Lending Rate (EBLR) — em geral a própria taxa repo, ocasionalmente a MIBOR ou o rendimento da T-bill de 3 meses. Os home loans atrelados à EBLR precisam ser reajustados ao menos trimestralmente, de modo que uma mudança na taxa repo se transmite à prestação (EMI) do mutuário dentro de um único ciclo de faturamento.
Isso representa uma mudança importante em relação ao regime anterior de MCLR (Marginal Cost of Funds Based Lending Rate), sob o qual os bancos tinham ampla discricionariedade para postergar o repasse. Em 2026, mais de 95% dos home loans de taxa flutuante em aberto estão na EBLR, e não no MCLR.
A tabela mostra a taxa típica de home loan atrelado à EBLR, o equivalente de taxa flutuante para empréstimos fora da EBLR, a MIBOR overnight e a taxa repo do RBI. Em maio de 2026, o home loan típico está na faixa dos 8% altos, refletindo tanto a taxa repo elevada quanto o spread de crédito estruturalmente mais amplo da Índia.
O spread entre o home loan e a taxa repo teve média de ~2,25 pontos percentuais desde a transição para a EBLR. Componentes desse spread:
O gráfico acima mostra a trajetória mensal dos últimos 5 anos. Episódios notáveis:
A trajetória implícita usa a MIBOR-OIS como proxy para os movimentos esperados da taxa repo (a Índia carece de futuros de taxa de política profundamente líquidos, como os futuros de Fed Funds). A taxa de home loan projetada aplica um repasse (pass-through) de 92% e defasagem de 2 meses — entre as maiores taxas de repasse do mundo, refletindo o mandato da EBLR.
Se o mercado está precificando novos cortes do RBI, os home loans atrelados à EBLR devem cair quase na proporção de 1 para 1, com os maiores bancos reprecificando dentro do mesmo ciclo trimestral de reajuste.
O State Bank of India, o HDFC Bank (após a fusão com a HDFC Ltd.), o ICICI Bank e a LIC Housing Finance são os maiores provedores de home loan.
Veja a página do Reserve Bank of India para as probabilidades das reuniões do MPC do RBI.